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Alex Minicozzi

Enhancing Self-Talk for Optimal Performance in Less Than 5 Minutes:

Sport Resilience: Unleashing the Power of Self-Talk

Many sporting legends, such as Usain Bolt and Michael Phelps, share common traits that have propelled them to greatness. Among these traits, self-talk and psychological skills training consistently emerge as vital tools in sport psychology. Regardless of whether you currently practice self-talk or give it much attention, it's never too late to incorporate it into your training regime and day-to-day life. With time, patience, and a positive growth mindset, you can train yourself to improve this essential skill.


Self-talk, the inner dialogue we have with ourselves, holds incredible power and has been extensively studied in sports psychological skills training. It can shape our thoughts, actions, and beliefs, and it can either be positive or negative.


Research has shown that positive self-talk can significantly enhance an athlete's performance. In fact, a groundbreaking study in 2014 demonstrated that self-talk "significantly reduces Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and enhances endurance performance."


Understanding the Different Types of Self-Talk

In sports, there are three main types of self-talk:

  1. Positive self-talk: This type consists of positive thoughts and words that make you feel good about yourself. It's an optimistic and confident inner voice that looks forward with a positive outlook. Positive self-talk is often referred to as "motivational talk."

  2. Negative self-talk: In contrast, negative self-talk represents the voice of self-doubt. It can be depressive, upsetting, and has been found to impact performance and recovery from mental health issues. While negative thoughts may creep in uninvited, we can train ourselves to recognize and reframe them, as we'll explore later.

  3. Instructional self-talk: This type of self-talk guides us when learning new skills or completing specific tasks that require focused attention. It can be described as "neutral talk."

Psychological Skills Training: Techniques for Optimizing Self-Talk

Adopting a positive outlook through self-talk can yield numerous benefits for athletes. Here are some tried and tested techniques to incorporate into your training and beyond:

  1. Make it a part of your training: Positive self-talk should be integrated into your long-term athletic performance training. Start in training and extend it into competitions and other aspects of your life. Research has shown that pre-motivational talk enhances performance in both strength training and physical movements.

  2. Utilize the self-talk grid: Sports psychologists and coaches often use personalized grids to develop effective strategies. These grids include the activity, the type of self-talk to apply, and the objective of the activity. They serve as visual tools to bring the impact of a positive mindset to life.

  3. Practice positive affirmations: Celebrate every achievement, no matter how small. Whether it's attending training on time or breaking a personal record, take time to reflect on these small wins and praise yourself for reaching them.

  4. Keep it short and impactful: Prepare your self-talk phrases to be concise and memorable. Use kind and positive words that reinforce confidence and self-belief.

  5. Repetition is key: Repeat your self-talk phrases slowly, allowing yourself to truly listen to and believe in them.

  6. Reflect on the impact: Take note of how positive thinking makes you feel and observe its effects on your body and mind. Logging these experiences can help you recall them during challenging times.

  7. Prioritize well-being: Incorporate practices such as meditation, mindfulness, yoga, or breathing exercises to take time for yourself and reset.

The Functions and Benefits of Self-Talk

Self-talk has been embraced by many athletes, including the legendary Muhammad Ali, who used it to psych himself up before fights and achieve peak performance. The benefits of self-talk extend beyond the realm of sports and have a profound impact on various aspects of life, including:

  1. Improved quality of life: A positive outlook is associated with a higher quality of life and potential longevity, as documented by research from the Mayo Clinic.

  2. Enhanced immune function: Keeping stress levels at bay through positive self-talk can support a robust immune system.

  3. Better overall well-being: Positive thinking reduces anxiety, enhances focus, and helps in setting goals, as emphasized by mental health organizations.

  4. Reduced perception of pain: Self-talk can be used to control pain by facilitating relaxation and diverting attention away from it, as suggested by health science groups.

  5. Improved cardiovascular health: Optimism has been linked to better cardiovascular health, blood sugar levels, and cholesterol levels.

  6. Decreased stress levels: Self-talk helps lower stress levels by redirecting our energy in a positive manner and focusing on the positives.

  7. Motivation: Positive self-talk can be a powerful tool for motivation, especially in sports, which demand physical and mental resilience.

Overcoming Negative Thoughts

While self-talk can be both positive and negative, we can learn to deal with negative thoughts more effectively. Instead of blocking them out, which may not always be helpful, it's important to acknowledge and reframe negative thoughts.

Reframing allows us to be less self-defeating and more optimistic, serving as a valuable coping mechanism in difficult situations. Acknowledge the negative thought and reframe it with a positive spin. For example, if you think, "I feel exhausted in training," reframe it as, "Of course I feel exhausted; I've just completed a grueling competition. However, I've overcome this before and will do it again."


Another strategy is to allocate a specific time window for negative thinking, allowing yourself to acknowledge and address those thoughts. By doing so, you can better manage your thoughts and emotions.

Returning to a positive mindset, consciously focus on things you appreciate and like, whether it's the weather during training or overtaking a competitor.

Meditation and mindfulness can also help you channel your energy and set daily goals, reminding yourself of past successes and achievements.


In summary, there's no better time than now to incorporate self-talk into your daily routine and training programs. Well-being is essential for both your state of mind and performance. Athletes can be particularly hard on themselves, and excessive self-criticism can hinder their success.

Start by consciously reflecting on and articulating your achievements. From there, create a list of empowering mantras to repeat in your self-talk. Cultivating healthy positive thinking is not only motivational but also impacts your overall well-being. Countless studies have highlighted the physical and psychological benefits associated with a positive mindset. It all begins with the skill of self-talk.

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